Loki
It started with an e-mail in 2012 from a Londoner named John Stewart. He was writing to me because I conduct a blog called “Not One-Off Britishisms,” which deals with British words and expressions that have gained currency in the U.S.
Stewart directed me to a post on the Bleeding Cool website about a moment in the then-current film The Avengers, written by the Americans Joss Whedon and Zak Penn. Loki (a bad guy) addresses Black Widow with the two-word epithet that’s the title of this post. The site said:
This is possibly the most offensive line in the film. … It is just that some people aren’t too familiar with the derivation. In more modern English, this would be “whining c—”. In American English, “c—” is generally used as a misogynistic insult, mostly used against women, insulting their very nature of being female. British English doesn’t use the female-specific aspect of this in an insult, which loses much of the misogynistic tone. Indeed, it’s more likely to be used against a man, an exaggerated form of “wanker”. But “quim,” though rarely used, is done so in a misogynist fashion. It’s only used about women, and is very much about reducing them to their gender, as if that by definition, reduces their importance. And that’s how Loki uses it in Avengers. [Note: Stewart used the full word, not the redaction I'll be using here, "c---."]
My post, a short one, consisted mainly of the above. But then something odd happened. “Mewling quim” became, and continues to be, among the most read and most commented of the nearly 400 posts on Not One-Off Britishisms. The blog got 267,106 hits in 2014. “Mewling quim” received the second-most hits, behind only “European date format,” a perennial favorite. (The rest of the top five, in order, were “streets ahead,” the e-mail signoff “xx,” and “cuppa.”)
What’s the fascination? Not to be overlooked is the first word in the phrase, which I take to be not so much a Britishism as an archaicism. The Oxford English Dictionary defines it as “whimpering, feebly crying, whining” and cites Shakespeare, in As You Like It: “The Infant, Mewling, and puking in the nurse’s arms.”
Quim is a slightly newer word, the OED‘s first citation being from 1613. That’s from a bawdy ballad, as are the all the cites for the next two and a half centuries. It enters prose through Henry Miller’s 1936 Black Spring, where it’s used in an anatomical sense. (Of course, Miller is famous for his liberal — and, some say, loving — use of c—.) At roughly the same time, it starts showing up as a generalized insult, for men and (more frequently) women.
The Google Books database must not include bawdy ballads or Black Spring, as the Google Ngram Viewer (which draws on Google Books) doesn’t have the word showing up until the 1960s:
By now quim is mainstream, based on its use not only in The Avengers but also in Stephen King’s Dolores Claiborne and in a novel I’m reading, Elizabeth Gilbert’s The Signature of All Things, in which the well-bred 19th-century heroine frequently invokes it. That’s probably anachronistic, but in the novel it works.
Bleeding Cool’s observation on the use of c— by British men in reference to males reminded me of Monty Python’s “Travel Agent” skit, in which the tourist played by Eric Idle can’t say the letter “c.” The travel agent, Mr. Bounder, asks him if he can say the letter “k.”
Tourist: Oh, yes, khaki, kind, kettle, Kipling, kipper, Kuwait, Keble Bollege Oxford.
Bounder: Why don’t you say the letter ‘K’ instead of the letter ‘C’?
Tourist: What you mean, … spell bolour with a K?
Bounder: Yes.
Tourist: Kolour. Oh, thank you, I never thought of that. What a silly bunt.
In any case, my Not One-Off Britishisms post on mewling quim has been not only much read but also much -commented, and there’s been a lively discussion around the difference connotations and frequency of c— and quim in American and British usage. A British reader wrote: “Last time I heard ‘quim’ in real life was sometime in the early 1980s somewhere in London — a provocation and prelude to a fight between two guys.”
This came from an American, Nick: “Unfortunately, quim is just as popular as c— as a spoken epithet in the U.S., and hurled with regularity at both male and female. … However, the one time I saw it in popular media was when the Adult Swim cartoon ‘Venture Brothers’ featured the character Dr. Quymn, Medicine Woman.”
Catherine Rose (English) weighed in with some fine distinctions: “If you call a man a ‘c—’ in British English, you mean he’s a bad person. If you call a woman a ‘c—’ you are reducing her to her genitals, therefore being sexually derogatory.”
Finally, a reader who calls himself (and whose real name may in fact be) Michael Matthew William Taylor observed:
C—, … in British English, is punctuation. I still recall with delight my first trip to the United States with a male friend, who, as any British man can tell you, is, by dint of being your best friend, almost certainly a “stupid c—” every time he does something inadvisable, a “clever c—” every time he figures something out, and, of course, a “smarmy c—” when he correctly asserts how the gorgeous bit of decorative pottery you’re both looking at in a glass cabinet in a posh titbit store is the perfect gift for the missus at home, leaving you incapable of avoiding buying it. Thankfully, we were then ejected from the store by (to us at the time) confusingly agitated sales staff, saving my wallet. Making me a lucky c—.